Arkansas History

Prior to the westward movement of Native American people, Arkansas was inhabited by Quapaw, Caddo, and Osage Nations.

The first European to reach the region was the Spaniard, Hernando de Soto, at the end of the 16th Century. Early Spanish and French explorers gave the state its name which is probably a phonetic spelling for the French or Catalan word for "downriver people" - a reference to the Quapaw Native Americans.

Arkansas was part of the area acquired by the United States in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France. Prior to statehood, the region was known as the "Arkansaw Territory". In this territorial period, the five "civilized" tribes, namely the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole, inhabited Arkansas.

Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15th 1836 as the 25th state. Arkansas was a slave state, but initially refused to join the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, although it did join later, and was the scene of several battles.

During the Civil Rights struggle, Arkansas was the site of a famous confrontation between the federal government and local whites, who were resisting the desegregation of Central High School in the state capital, Little Rock. During this period, President Eisenhower famously sent troops to escort nine African-American students who were trying to enroll in the school.

Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States (President from 1993 to 2001), was born in Hope, Arkansas, and served as Governor of the state (50th and 52nd Governor of Arkansas) for almost 12 years prior to being elected President.

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ARKANSAS: A Narrative History

By Jeannie M. Whayne & George Sabo

University of Arkansas Press
Hardcover (447 pages)

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A Documentary History of Arkansas

University of Arkansas Press
Paperback (342 pages)

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Product Description:
This collection of documents represents a behind-the-scenes look at Arkansas from earliest times to 1984. Here are newspaper articles, government bulletins, legislative acts, broadsides, letters, and speeches. Collectively, they give a firsthand glimpse at how the twenty-fifth state's history was made. Consideration is given to social and cultural aspects of Arkansas history, with special attention focused on the role played by women and blacks.

ARKANSAS IN MODERN AMERICA, 1930-1999 (Histories of Arkansas Series)

By BEN F JOHNSON

University of Arkansas Press
Paperback (275 pages)

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Arkansas and the New South 1874-1929 (Histories of Arkansas)

By CARL H MONEYHON

University of Arkansas Press
Paperback (208 pages)

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Journey of Hope: The Back-to-Africa Movement in Arkansas in the Late 1800s (The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture)

By Kenneth C. Barnes

The University of North Carolina Press
Released: 2004-09-01
Paperback (288 pages)

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Product Description:
Liberia was founded by the American Colonization Society (ACS) in the 1820s as an African refuge for free blacks and liberated American slaves. While interest in African migration waned after the Civil War, it roared back in the late nineteenth century with the rise of Jim Crow segregation and disfranchisement throughout the South. The back-to-Africa movement held great new appeal to the South's most marginalized citizens, rural African Americans. Nowhere was this interest in Liberia emigration greater than in Arkansas. More emigrants to Liberia left from Arkansas than any other state in the 1880s and 1890s.

In Journey of Hope, Kenneth C. Barnes explains why so many black Arkansas sharecroppers dreamed of Africa and how their dreams of Liberia differed from the reality. This rich narrative also examines the role of poor black farmers in the creation of a black nationalist identity and the importance of the symbolism of an ancestral continent.

Based on letters to the ACS and interviews of descendants of the emigrants in war-torn Liberia, this study captures the life of black sharecroppers in the late 1800s and their dreams of escaping to Africa.

Ruled by Race: Black/White Relations in Arkansas From Slavery to the Present

By Grif Stockley

The University of Arkansas Press
Hardcover (550 pages)

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ISBN13: 9781557288851
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Product Description:
From the Civil War to Reconstruction, the Redeemer period, Jim Crow, and the modern civil rights era to the present, Ruled by Race describes the ways that race has been at the center of much of the state's formation and image since its founding. Grif Stockley uses the work of published and unpublished historians and exhaustive primary source materials, along with stories from authors as diverse as Maya Angelou and E. Lynn Harris to bring to life the voices of those who have both studied and lived the racial experience in Arkansas.

Topics range from the well-known Little Rock Central High Crisis of 1957 to lesser-known events such as the Elaine Race Massacre of 1919 and the shocking yet sadly commonplace attitudes found in newspaper reports and speeches. Through the words of the most powerful Arkansans such as racist Arkansas Gov. Jeff Davis (1901-1906) to the least powerful, including an unflinching look at the narratives of former slaves, readers will come away with increased awareness of the ways that race continues to affect where Arkansans live, send their children to school, work, travel, shop, spend leisure time, worship, and choose their friends and life partners.

Arkansas History: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies of the States of the United States)

Greenwood Press
Hardcover (392 pages)

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Arkansas has frequently been omitted from surveys of the South and from national history. One reason has been the limited archival resources; another, the absence of a university press. Recently, however, archives have proliferated, and a solid mass of scholarship has come from the University of Arkansas Press and the Arkansas Historical Association. This bibliography shows that there is no shortage of research materials on Arkansas. The only full bibliography on Arkansas, it provides an essential guide for historians and librarians wishing to bring Arkansas into the mainstream of American history.

THEY SOUGHT A LAND: A SETTLEMENT IN THE ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY

By WILLIAM OATES RAGSDALE University of Arkansas Press Hardcover (152 pages)	List Price: $35.00^* Lowest New Price: $27.60^* Lowest Used Price: $20.36^* Usually ships in 24 hours^* ^(As of 15:29 Pacific 2 Sep 2010 More Info) Click Here*
Product Description: Presents a story of prosperous farming families from North and South Carolina who traveled in covered wagons to settle in the Arkansas River Valley.

The Land between the Rivers: Thomas Nuttall's Ascent of the Arkansas, 1819

By Russell M. Lawson University of Michigan Press Hardcover (160 pages)	List Price: $27.00^* Lowest New Price: $21.60^* Lowest Used Price: $8.95^* Usually ships in 24 hours^* ^(As of 15:29 Pacific 2 Sep 2010 More Info) Click Here*
Product Description: A retelling of Thomas Nuttall's near-death expedition up the Arkansas River in the early years of the nineteenth century

Arkansas: A History (States and the nation)

By Harry S. Ashmore

W W Norton & Co Inc
Paperback (202 pages)

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